An estimated 10 to 15 percent of people over age 60 are affected by vitamin B-12 deficiency, according to Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University. Without sufficient amounts of this nutrient, your body may have difficulty sending nerve signals through your body and producing red blood cells. Seek additional care from your medical provider if you experience any of the signs and symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency to ensure you receive appropriate treatment and care.
Mood or Memory Changes
A low vitamin B-12 level may also affect nerve transmission in your brain. You may experience temporary memory loss or confusion. Mood-related changes, such as irritability or depression, may also arise and may affect your relationship with those around you. Sudden or severe mood or memory changes should be promptly discussed with your physician. These signs of vitamin B-12 deficiency may also be signs of alternate health problems, including a brain tumor or dementia.
Anemia
One of the primary symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency is anemia, a condition in which the number of red blood cells in your bloodstream is unusually low. In healthy people, red blood cells function to carry oxygen throughout the body. When red blood cells levels are low, your cells, tissues and organs become oxygen-starved. Without proper oxygen supplies, your body can no longer produce the energy it needs to fuel your physical activities. Consequently, you may experience extreme fatigue, shortness of breath and weakness or your skin may appear unusually pale. Consult your doctor if you exhibit any signs of anemia. In the absence of appropriate treatment, anemia symptoms may become worse.
Stomach Discomfort
Stomach discomfort may arise as a symptom of vitamin B-12 deficiency. You may feel nauseated or have an unusually diminished appetite. Constipation may result in painful, difficult or infrequent bowel movements and may be accompanied by abdominal cramping or bloating. Alternatively, you may develop frequent, urgent, loose bowel movements -- also called diarrhea. Your tongue may appear swollen and inflamed and may be painful to the touch, making it difficult for you to eat. If these symptoms persist, you may begin losing weight. Discuss stomach-related side effects with your medical provider if they are severe or do not subside.
Unusual Body Sensations
Your nerves rely on vitamin B-12 to help transmit signals from one region of your body to another. Low vitamin B-12 levels may cause nerve damage, which may induce numbness, tingling or other unusual sensations. Nerve damage frequently affects the hands and feet and may make it difficult for you to use these regions of your body normally. Unusual body sensations may be accompanied by weakness and may affect your ability to stand and move about without assistance. If you experience prolonged or progressive episodes of numbness, tingling or weakness, seek care from your physician.
